mardi 29 mai 2018
Our Sputtering Sun
NASA - Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) patch.
May 29, 2018
An active region rotated into view and sputtered with numerous small flares and towering magnetic field lines that stretched out many times the diameter of Earth (May 23-25, 2018). Active regions are areas of intense magnetic energy. The field lines are illuminated by charged particles spiraling along them and easiest to discern when viewed in profile. The colorized images were taken in a wavelength of extreme ultraviolet light.
SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory): http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sdo/main/index.html
Image, Text, Credits: NASA/Solar Dynamics Observatory.
Greetings, Orbiter.ch
The Case of the Relativistic Particles Solved with NASA Missions
NASA - Van Allen Probes Mission patch.
May 29, 2018
Encircling Earth are two enormous rings — called the Van Allen radiation belts — of highly energized ions and electrons. Various processes can accelerate these particles to relativistic speeds, which endanger spacecraft unlucky enough to enter these giant bands of damaging radiation. Scientists had previously identified certain factors that might cause particles in the belts to become highly energized, but they had not known which cause dominates.
Plasma Zoo: Gyroresonant Scattering
Video above: In a background magnetic field, represented by the cyan arrows, two electrons are propagating to the right, executing identical gyromotion. A circularly polarized electromagnetic wave approaches the upper electron from the left. Video Credit: NASA.
Now, with new research from NASA’s Van Allen Probes and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms — THEMIS — missions, published in Geophysical Research Letters, the verdict is in. The main culprit is a process known as local acceleration, caused by electromagnetic waves called chorus waves. Named after their characteristic rising tones, reminiscent of chirping birds, chorus waves speed up the particles pushing them along like a steady hand repeatedly pushing a swing. This process wasn’t a widely accepted theory before the Van Allen Probes mission.
Establishing the main cause of the radiation belt enhancements provides key information for models that forecast space weather — and thus protect our technology in space.
“We’ve had studies in the past that look at individual events, so we knew local acceleration was going to be important for some of the events, but I think it was a surprise just how important local acceleration was,” said Alex Boyd, lead author and researcher at New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico. “The results finally address this main controversy we’ve been having about the radiation belts for a number of years.”
There are two main causes of particle energization in the Van Allen belts: radial diffusion and local acceleration. Radial diffusion, which often occurs during solar storms — giant influxes of particles, energy and magnetic fields from the Sun, which can alter our space environment — slowly and repeatedly nudges particles closer to Earth, where they gain energy from the magnetic fields they encounter. Many scientists had long thought this was the primary, or even only, cause of energization.
Van Allen Probes in orbit
However, early on in its mission, the Van Allen Probes showed that local acceleration, which is caused by particles interacting with waves of fluctuating electric and magnetic fields can also provide energy to the particles. The new research, which looked at nearly a hundred events over almost five years, shows that these wave-particle interactions are responsible for energizing particles around Earth 87 percent of the time.
The scientists knew that local acceleration was at work because they observed mountains of energetic particles growing in one place, as the local acceleration mechanism predicts, rather than sliding in Earthwards as diffusion would.
That’s a large percentage for a process that wasn’t perceived as a strong candidate even five years ago. “Radial diffusion is definitely important for the radiation belts, but wave-particle interactions are much more important than we realized,” said Geoff Reeves, co-author at the New Mexico Consortium.
Related Links:
Learn more about the Van Allen Probes: https://www.nasa.gov/van-allen-probes
Learn more about NASA’s research on the Sun-Earth System: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/index.html
Geophysical Research Letters: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018GL077699
Image, Video (mentioned), Text, Credits: NASA/Lynn Jenner/Goddard Space Flight Center, by Mara Johnson-Groh.
Greetings, Orbiter.ch
lundi 28 mai 2018
Long live the doubly charmed particle
CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research logo.
28 May 2018
Finding a new particle is always a nice surprise, but measuring its characteristics is another story and just as important. Less than a year after announcing the discovery of the particle going by the snappy name of Ξcc++ (Xicc++), this week the LHCb collaboration announced the first measurement of its lifetime. The announcement was made during the CHARM 2018 international workshop in Novosibirsk in Russia: a charming moment for this doubly charmed particle.
The Ξcc++ particle is composed of two charm quarks and one up quark, hence it is a member of the baryon family (particles composed of three quarks). The existence of the particle was predicted by the Standard Model, the theory which describes elementary particles and the forces that bind them together. LHCb’s observation came last year after several years of research. Its mass was measured to be around 3621 MeV, almost four times that of the proton (the best-known baryon), thanks to its two charm quarks.
Image above: The LHCb detector seen in 2018 in its underground cavern. The excellent precision of this detector allowed LHCb physicists to perform detailed measurements on the doubly charmed particle they discovered only last year. (Image: M. Brice, J. Ordan/CERN).
The Ξcc++ particle is fleeting: it decays quickly into lighter particles. In fact it was through its decay into a Λc+ baryon and three lighter mesons, K-, π+ and π+, that it was discovered. Since then, LHCb physicists have been carrying on an analysis to determine its lifetime with a high level of precision. The value obtained is 0.256 picoseconds (0.000000000000256 seconds), with a small degree of uncertainty. Though very small in everyday life, such an amount of time is relatively large in the realm of subatomic particles. The measured value is within the range predicted by theoretical physicists on the basis of the Standard Model, namely between 0.20 and 1.05 picoseconds.
To achieve this precise result, LHCb physicists compared the measurement of the lifetime of the Ξcc++ with that of another particle whose lifetime is well-known. They based their measurements on the same sample of events that led to the discovery.
Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Animation Credit: CERN
Measuring the lifetime of a particle is an important step in determining its characteristics. Thanks to the abundance of heavy quarks produced by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the excellent precision of the LHCb detector, physicists will now continue their detailed measurements of the properties of this charming particle. With these types of measurements, they are gaining a better understanding of the interactions that govern the behaviour of particles containing heavy quarks.
More information on the new measurements of the Ξcc++ particle can be found on the LHCb website: http://lhcb-public.web.cern.ch/lhcb-public/Welcome.html#LifeXicc
Note:
CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is one of the world’s largest and most respected centres for scientific research. Its business is fundamental physics, finding out what the Universe is made of and how it works. At CERN, the world’s largest and most complex scientific instruments are used to study the basic constituents of matter — the fundamental particles. By studying what happens when these particles collide, physicists learn about the laws of Nature.
The instruments used at CERN are particle accelerators and detectors. Accelerators boost beams of particles to high energies before they are made to collide with each other or with stationary targets. Detectors observe and record the results of these collisions.
Founded in 1954, the CERN Laboratory sits astride the Franco–Swiss border near Geneva. It was one of Europe’s first joint ventures and now has 22 Member States.
Related links:
LHCb collaboration : https://home.cern/about/experiments/lhcb
CHARM 2018 international workshop: http://charm18.inp.nsk.su/
Standard Model: https://home.cern/about/physics/standard-model
Large Hadron Collider (LHC): https://home.cern/topics/large-hadron-collider
For more information about European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Visit: https://home.cern/
Image (mentioned), Animation (mentioned), Text, Credits: CERN/Corinne Pralavorio.
Best regards, Orbiter.ch
Space Station Science Highlights: Week of May 21, 2018
ISS - Expedition 55 Mission patch.
May 28, 2018
This week, the crew members aboard the International Space Station received about 7,400 pounds of research and supplies aboard the Orbital ATK Cygnus cargo ship. Captured through the use of one of the space station’s robotic arms, the crew members will spend the next several weeks unpacking many new investigations and supplies.
Image above: The Orbital ATK Cygnus cargo ship was bolted into place on the International Space Station’s Earth-facing port of the Unity module on May 24. The spacecraft’s arrival brings about 7,400 pounds of research and supplies to support Expedition 55 and 56. Animation Credit: NASA.
In addition to receiving new science and supplies, crew members stayed busy with hours of scientific operations. Here is a look at some of the science that happened last week aboard your orbiting laboratory:
Investigation activated in Kibo module, studies atomization in microgravity
An in-depth understanding of atomization, or the conversion of a substance into very fine particles or droplets, may improve the design and efficiency of plane and rocket engines. The Detailed validation of the new atomization concept derived from drop tower experiments--Aimed at developing a turbulent atomization simulator (Atomization) investigation examines the disintegration processes of a low-speed water jet for various jet issue conditions in the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) to validate the new atomization concept by observing the process using a high-speed camera.
This week, crew members set up and activated the investigation hardware in the Multi-Purpose Small Payload Rack.
Blood, urine, and saliva samples taken for a variety of investigations studying astronaut health
Image above: JAXA astronaut Norishige Kanai within the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM) module. Image Credit: NASA.
As humans get older, arteries stiffen, causing an increase in blood pressure and elevating the risk for cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been observed that some crew members returning from the space station have much stiffer arteries than when they went into space. The Cardiac and Vessel Structure and Function with Long-Duration Space Flight and Recovery (Vascular Echo) investigation examines changes in crew members’ blood vessels and heart, while in space and upon their return home, following them through their recovery. The results could provide insight into potential countermeasures to help maintain crew member health, and quality of life for those on Earth.
This week, crew members collected samples as a part of the investigation. Blood and urine samples were also collected as a part of the Biochemical Profile, Marrow and Repository investigations.
ACME chamber reconfigured for change of investigation
The Advanced Combustion Microgravity Experiment (ACME) investigation is a set of five independent studies of gaseous flames to be conducted in the Combustion Integration Rack (CIR), one of which being Coflow Laminar Diffusion Flame (CLD Flame). ACME’s goals are to improve fuel efficiency and reduce pollutant production in practical combustion on Earth and to improve spacecraft fire prevention through innovative research focused on materials flammability.
Image above: NASA astronaut Ricky Arnold works within the Combustion Integration Rack as a part of the ACME investigation. Image Credit: NASA.
This week, crew members configured the Combustion Integration Rack (CIR) to prepare for the start of CLD Flame Part 2.
Space to Ground: Cold Hard Science: 05/25/2018
Other work was done on these investigations: Crew Earth Observations, Probiotics, CEVIS, CIR/ACME, E-Fields Flame, CBEF, KUBIK, HDEV, Microbial Tracking-2, Tropical Cyclone, J-SSOD, Neuromapping, MVP, MISSE-FF, BEAM, J-SSOD, Food Acceptability, and Multi-Omics.
Related links:
Expedition 55: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition55/index.html
Orbital ATK Cygnus: https://youtu.be/QwHDE-r7iIs
Aimed at developing a turbulent atomization simulator (Atomization): https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=282
Japanese Experiment Module (JEM): https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/jem.html
Vessel Structure and Function with Long-Duration Space Flight and Recovery (Vascular Echo) : https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1664
Biochemical Profile: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=980
Marrow: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1673
Repository: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=954
Advanced Combustion Microgravity Experiment (ACME): https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1651
Combustion Integration Rack (CIR): https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Facility.html?#id=317
Coflow Laminar Diffusion Flame (CLD Flame): https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7564
Combustion Integration Rack (CIR): https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Facility.html?#id=317
Crew Earth Observations: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=84
Probiotics: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=2047
CEVIS: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Facility.html?#id=821
E-Fields Flame: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=2058
CBEF: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Facility.html?#id=333
KUBIK: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Facility.html?#id=894
HDEV: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=892
Microbial Tracking-2: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1663
Tropical Cyclone: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1712
J-SSOD: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Facility.html?#id=883
Neuromapping: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=979
MVP: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Facility.html?#id=1777
MISSE-FF: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Facility.html?#id=7515
BEAM: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1579
Food Acceptability: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7562
Multi-Omics: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1689
Spot the Station: https://spotthestation.nasa.gov/
Space Station Research and Technology: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/index.html
International Space Station (ISS): https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html
Images (mentioned), Animation (mentioned), Video, Text, Credits: NASA/Michael Johnson/Yuri Guinart-Ramirez, Lead Increment Scientist Expeditions 55 & 56.
Best regards, Orbiter.ch
samedi 26 mai 2018
Alan Bean, Apollo Moonwalker and Artist, Dies at 86
Rest In Peace.
May 26, 2018
Bean, the lunar module pilot on Apollo 12 and commander of the second crewed Skylab mission, died in Houston on Saturday, May 26, 2018.
“Alan Bean once said ‘I have the nicest life in the world,’ " said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine. "It’s a comforting sentiment to recall as we mourn his passing."
Astronaut Alan Bean. Image Credit: NASA
Alan Bean walked on the moon on Apollo 12, commanded the second Skylab crew and then resigned after 18 years as an astronaut to paint the remarkable worlds and sights he had seen.
Bean was lunar module pilot on the November 1969 Apollo 12 mission, the second moon landing. He and mission commander Pete Conrad explored on the lunar Ocean of Storms and set up several experiments powered by a small nuclear generator.
“As all great explorers are, Alan was a boundary pusher," NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said in a statement. "Rather than accepting the limits of technology, science, and even imagination, he sought to advance those lines -- in all his life’s endeavors.
Links:
Administrator Bridenstine's full statement on the passing of Alan Bean: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-administrator-reflects-on-legacy-record-breaking-skylab-apollo-astronaut
Bean family's statement: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/family-release-regarding-the-passing-of-apollo-skylab-astronaut-alan-bean
JSC Center Director Mark Geyer's statement: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/statement-of-jsc-center-director-mark-geyer-on-the-passing-of-alan-bean
In an interview for NASA's 50th anniversary in 2008, Bean said walking on the moon was one of the most fun things he had done.
"At one-sixth gravity in that suit, you have to move in a different way," he said. "One of the paintings that I did was called 'Tip Toeing on The Ocean of Storms.' And it shows that I'm up on my tip toes as I'm moving around. And we did that a lot. On Earth, I weighed 150 pounds; my suit and backpack weighed another 150. 300 pounds. Up there, I weighed only 50. So I could prance around on my toes. It was quite easy to do. And if you remember back to some of the television we saw, Buzz and Neil on the Moon with Apollo 11. Black and white. They were bouncing around a lot. They were really bouncing on their tip toes. Quite fun to do. Someday maybe be a great place for a vacation."
Astronaut Alan Bean: Moonwalker, Skylab Commander, Artist
Video above: NASA remembers Apollo 12 astronaut Alan Bean, who walked on the Moon in 1969, commanded the second Skylab crew in 1973 and went on in retirement to paint the remarkable worlds and sights he had seen like no other artist. Video Credit: NASA.
As spacecraft commander of the Skylab II mission II, from July 19 to Sept. 25, 1973, Bean and fellow crewmembers Owen K. Garriott and Jack R. Lousma accomplished half again as much as pre-mission goals. Their 59-day, 24.4-million-mile flight was a world record.
Astronaut Alan Bean
Video above: NASA X interviews Alan Bean, who turned to painting full-time after retiring from NASA. Video Credit: NASA.
Alan L. Bean was born in Wheeler, Texas. He graduated from Paschal High School in Fort Worth, Texas. In 1955, Bean was awarded an aeronautical engineering degree from the University of Texas.
He was a Navy ROTC student there and was commissioned when he graduated. After he finished flight training, he spent four years with a jet attack squadron and then attended Navy test pilot school.
Bean flew as a test pilot on several types of aircraft before he was selected with the third group of NASA astronauts in October 1963. He served as a backup for crewmembers on Gemini 10 and Apollo 9.
After his Apollo and Skylab flights, Bean remained with NASA while many of his astronaut colleagues went elsewhere as the Apollo program wound down. He served as a backup spacecraft commander for the last Apollo flight, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in July 1975.
He retired from the Navy as a captain in October 1975 but continued to work with NASA as a civilian. He headed the Astronaut Office’s Astronaut Candidate Operations and Training Group at Johnson Space Center.
Image above: Astronaut Alan Bean, Skylab 3 commander, flies the M509 Astronaut Maneuvering Equipment in the forward dome area of the Orbital Workshop on the space station cluster in Earth orbit. Bean is strapped into the back mounted, hand-controlled Automatically Stabilized Maneuvering Unit (ASMU). The dome area is about 22 feet in diameter and 19 feet from top to bottom. Image Credit: NASA.
Bean logged 1,672 hours in space, including more than 10 hours of spacewalks on the moon and in Earth orbit. He flew 27 aircraft types and accumulated more than 7,145 hours of flight time, 4,890 hours of it in jets.
During his career he established 11 records in space and aeronautics, and received many awards and honors.
Among those awards were two NASA distinguished service medals, two Navy Distinguished Service Medals, the Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award for Scientific and Technical Progress, the Robert J. Collier Trophy, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale’s Yuri Gagarin Gold Medal, the V.M. Komarov diploma, the Robert H. Patuxent River Goddard Gold Medal, the AIAA Octave Chanute Award and the ASA Flight Achievement Award.
His decision to retire from NASA to devote full time to painting was, he said, based on his 18 years as an astronaut, during which he visited places and saw things no artist’s eye had ever seen firsthand. He said he hoped to capture those experiences through his art.
He followed that dream for many years at his home studio in Houston, with considerable success. His paintings were particularly popular among space enthusiasts.
Related links:
Apollo 12: https://history.nasa.gov/afj/ap12fj/index.html
Alan Bean interviews with the JSC Oral History project: https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/BeanAL/beanal.htm
Images (mentioned), Videos (mentioned), Text, Credits: NASA/Brian Dunbar.
R. I. P.; Orbiter.ch
vendredi 25 mai 2018
World’s first crabbing of a proton beam
CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research logo.
25 May 2018
Image above: Test bench of the first two prototype crab cavities in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator. The cryomodule containing the cavities is installed on a mobile table that allows it to be moved into the beam line as needed (Image: M. Brice/CERN).
CERN has successfully tested “crab cavities” to rotate a beam of protons – a world first. The test took place on 23 May using a beam from CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator and showed that bunches of protons could be tilted using these superconducting transverse radiofrequency cavities. These cavities are a key component of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the future upgrade of the LHC.
The HL-LHC, which will be commissioned after 2025, will increase the luminosity of the LHC by a factor of five to ten. Luminosity is a crucial indicator of a collider’s performance: it gives the number of potential collisions per surface unit over a given period of time. In other words, the higher the luminosity, the higher the number of collisions and the more data the experiments can gather. This will allow researchers to observe rare processes that occur beyond the LHC’s present sensitivity level. Physicists will also be able to perform precise studies of the new particles observed at the LHC, such as the Higgs boson. The newly developed crab cavities will play an important role to increase the luminosity.
In the LHC, the two counter-rotating beams are not a continuous stream of particles but are made up of “bunches” of protons a few centimetres long, each containing billions of protons. These bunches meet at a small angle at each collision point of the experiments. When installed at each side of the ATLAS and CMS experiments, the crab cavities will “tilt” bunches of protons in each beam to maximise their overlap at the collision point. Тhis way every proton in the bunch will be forced to pass through the whole length of the opposite bunch, increasing the probability of collisions and hence more luminosity. After being tilted, the motion of the proton bunches appears to be sideways – just like a crab. Crab cavities were already used in the KEKB collider in Japan for electrons and positrons, but never with protons, which are more massive and at significantly higher energies. “The crab cavities are expected to increase the overall luminosity by 15 to 20%,” explains Rama Calaga, leader of the crab cavity project.
Image above: The first prototype crab cavities being assembled during summer 2017 (Image: Julien Ordan/CERN).
The two first crab cavity prototypes were manufactured at CERN in 2017 in collaboration with Lancaster University and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) in the United Kingdom, as well as the U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (USLARP). The cavities were assembled in a cryostat and tested at CERN. They are made of high-purity niobium superconducting material, operating at 2 kelvins (-271°C), in order to generate very high transverse voltage of 3-4 million volts. The cavities were installed in the SPS accelerator during the last winter technical stop to undergo validation tests with proton beams.
The first beam tests on 23 May lasted for more than 5 hours at a temperature of 4.2 K with a single proton bunch accelerated to 26 GeV and containing between 20 and 80 billion protons, almost the intensity of the LHC bunches. The crab cavities were powered to about 10% of their nominal voltage. The “crabbing” was observed using a special monitor to observe the tilt along the length of the bunch. “These tests mark the start-up of a unique facility for testing superconducting cavities on a high-current, high-energy proton beam,” explains Lucio Rossi, leader of the HL-LHC project. “The results are impressive and crucial to prove the feasibility of using such cavities for increasing the luminosity in the LHC.”
How to get more collisions at the LHC: crab cavities
Video above: Watch this short video to learn more about how the crab cavities work (Video: Polar Media/CERN).
In the coming months, the cavities will be commissioned to their nominal voltage of 3.4 million volts and will undergo a series of tests to fully validate their operation for the HL-LHC era. A total of 16 such cavities will be installed in the HL-LHC – eight near ATLAS and eight near CMS.
Note:
CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is one of the world’s largest and most respected centres for scientific research. Its business is fundamental physics, finding out what the Universe is made of and how it works. At CERN, the world’s largest and most complex scientific instruments are used to study the basic constituents of matter — the fundamental particles. By studying what happens when these particles collide, physicists learn about the laws of Nature.
The instruments used at CERN are particle accelerators and detectors. Accelerators boost beams of particles to high energies before they are made to collide with each other or with stationary targets. Detectors observe and record the results of these collisions.
Founded in 1954, the CERN Laboratory sits astride the Franco–Swiss border near Geneva. It was one of Europe’s first joint ventures and now has 22 Member States.
Related links:
Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS): https://home.cern/about/accelerators/super-proton-synchrotron
High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC): https://home.cern/topics/high-luminosity-lhc
Large Hadron Collider (LHC): https://home.cern/topics/large-hadron-collider
ATLAS experiment: https://home.cern/about/experiments/atlas
CMS experiment: https://home.cern/about/experiments/cms
Higgs boson: http://home.web.cern.ch/topics/higgs-boson
For more information about European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Visit: https://home.cern/
Images (mentioned), Video (mentioned), Text, Credits: CERN/Corinne Pralavorio.
Best regards, Orbiter.ch
Crew Begins Unloading Cygnus, Works Science Ahead of June Crew Swap
ISS - Expedition 55 Mission patch.
May 25, 2018
The Cygnus resupply ship from Orbital ATK is now open for business and the Expedition 55 crew has begun unloading the 7,400 pounds of cargo it delivered Thursday morning. The orbital residents are also conducting space research and preparing for a crew swap in early June.
There are now four spaceships parked at the International Space Station, the newest one having arrived to resupply the crew early Thursday morning. Astronauts Drew Feustel and Norishige Kanai opened Cygnus’ hatches shortly after it was installed to the Unity module. The cargo carrier will remain attached to the station until July so the astronauts can offload new supplies and repack Cygnus with trash.
NASA astronaut Scott Tingle, who caught Cygnus with the Canadarm2 robotic arm, swapped out gear inside a small life science research facility today called TangoLab-1. Tingle also joined Kanai later in the day transferring frozen biological samples from the Destiny lab module to the Kibo lab module.
Image above: This view taken from inside the Cupola shows the Orbital ATK space freighter moments before it was grappled with the Canadarm2 robotic arm on May 24, 2018. Image Credit: NASA.
The duo also joined Commander Anton Shkaplerov and continued to pack gear and check spacesuits ahead of their return to Earth on June 3 inside the Soyuz MS-07 spaceship. When the three crewmates land in Kazakhstan, about three and a half hours after undocking, the trio will have spent 168 days in space and conducted one spacewalk each.
Three new Expedition 56-57 crew members, waiting to replace the homebound station crew, are counting down to a June 6 launch to space. Astronauts Serena Auñón-Chancellor and Alexander Gerst will take a two-day ride to the space station with cosmonaut Sergey Prokopyev inside the Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft for a six-month mission aboard the orbital laboratory.
Related links:
TangoLab-1: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Facility.html?#id=1660
Orbital ATK: https://www.nasa.gov/orbital
Expedition 55: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition55/index.html
Commercial Resupply: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/launch/index.html
Space Station Research and Technology: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/index.html
International Space Station (ISS): https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html
Image (mentioned), Text, Credits: NASA/Mark Garcia.
Best regards, Orbiter.ch
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