ROSCOSMOS - Voskhod 1 Mission patch.
October 12, 2014
50 years ago, the Voskhod 1 (Russian: Восход-1, Восход is Russian for Sunrise) was the seventh manned Soviet space flight. It achieved a number of "firsts" in the history of manned spaceflight, being the first space flight to carry more than one crewman into orbit, the first flight without the use of spacesuits, and the first to carry either an engineer or a physician into outer space. It also set a manned spacecraft altitude record of 336 km (209 mi).
Voskhod 1
The three spacesuits for the Voskhod 1 cosmonauts were omitted; there was neither the room nor the payload capacity for the Voskhod to carry them. The original Voskhod had been designed to carry two cosmonauts, but Soviet politicians pushed the Soviet space program into squeezing three cosmonauts into Voskhod 1. The only other space flight in the short Voskhod program, Voskhod 2, carried two suited cosmonauts — of necessity, because it was the flight on which Alexei Leonov made the world's first walk in space.
Voskhod 1 crew members
(Image above) On board the spacecraft Voskhod-1 was a crew consisting of commander Vladimir Komarov, research fellow cosmonaut Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov and physician-cosmonaut Boris Borisovich Yegorov. Callsign crew members - "Ruby".
Over night stay in space ship 16 times circled the globe, and the flight range of almost 700 thousand kilometers.
During the flight, the crew of the spaceship Voskhod-1 carried out an extensive program of scientific and technical research.
R-7 rocket carrying Voskhod 1
Commander V.M.Komarov together with K.P.Feoktistovym exercised control and monitoring instruments, performing manual orientation of the spacecraft, maintained radio contact with Earth, and also held a number of scientific studies.
The presence on board the ship researcher K.P.Feoktistova significantly expanded program of the research and spend a different observation of astronomical and geophysical nature.
Three on the Sunrise (In Russian)
Inclusion in the crew doctor B.B.Egorova the first time in the history of manned space flight, stressed the importance of control over the state of the astronauts and the need for detailed medical and biological research directly in space flight. B.Egorov checked biotoki brain and electrical potentials arising from the voluntary and involuntary eye movements.
Voskhod 1 and 2 space capsules
The Voskhod spacecraft were basically Vostok spacecraft with a backup, solid-fuel retro-rocket added onto the top of the descent module. The ejection seat was removed and three crew couches were added to the interior at a 90-degree angle to that of the Vostok cosmonaut's position. There was no provision for escape for the crewmen in the event of a launch or landing emergency. A solid-fuel braking rocket was also added to the space capsule's parachute lines to provide for a softer landing at touchdown. This was necessary because, unlike the Vostok space capsule, no ejection seats were fitted in the Voskhod; the cosmonauts had to land inside the Voskhod descent module.
October 13, 1964, performing a program of flight, the spacecraft Voskhod-1 successfully landed on Earth, for the first time using the system with a soft landing.
ROSCOSMOS Press Release: http://www.federalspace.ru/20987/
Images, Video, Text, Credits: Roscosmos press service / ROSCOSMOS TV / Wikipedia / Translation: Orbiter.ch Aerospace.
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