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June 4, 2018
Artistic view of the Brout-Englert-Higgs Field (Image: Daniel Dominguez/CERN)
New results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) reveal how strongly the Higgs boson interacts with the heaviest known elementary particle, the top quark.
The Higgs boson interacts only with massive particles, yet it was initially discovered in its decay to two massless photons. Quantum mechanics allows the Higgs to fluctuate for a very short time into a top quark and a top anti-quark, which promptly annihilate each other into a photon pair. The probability of this process occurring varies with the strength of the interaction (known as coupling) between the Higgs boson and top quarks. Its measurement allows researchers to indirectly infer the value of the Higgs-top coupling. A more direct manifestation of the Higgs-top coupling is the emission of a Higgs boson by a top-antitop quark pair.
Graphic above: An event candidate for the production of a top quark and top antiquark pair in conjunction with a Higgs boson in CMS. The Higgs decays into a tau+ lepton, which in turn decays into hadrons and a tau-, which decays into an electron. The decay product symbols are in blue. The top quark decays into three jets (sprays of lighter particles) whose names are given in purple. One of these is initiated by a b-quark. The top antiquark decays into a muon and b-jet, whose names appear in red. (Image: CMS/CERN).
Results presented today, at the LHCP conference in Bologna, describe the observation of this so-called "ttH production" process. Results from the CMS collaboration, with a significance exceeding five standard deviations (considered the gold standard) for the first time, have just been published in the journal Physical Review Letters; including more data from the ongoing LHC-run, the ATLAS collaboration just submitted new results for publication, with a larger significance. The findings of the two experiments are consistent with one another and with the Standard Model. They tell scientists more about the properties of the Higgs boson and give clues for where to look for new physics.
Image above: Visualisation of an event from the tt̄H(γγ) analysis. The event contains two photon candidates displayed as green towers in the electromagnetic calorimeter, and six jets (b-jet) shown as yellow (blue) cones. (Image:ATLAS/CERN).
Measuring the ttH production process is challenging, as it is rare: only 1% of Higgs bosons are produced in association with two top quarks and, in addition, the Higgs and the top quarks decay into other particles in many complex ways, or modes. Using data from proton–proton collisions collected at energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, the ATLAS and CMS teams performed several independent searches for ttH production, each targeting different Higgs-decay modes (to W bosons, Z bosons, photons, τ leptons, and bottom-quark jets). To maximise the sensitivity to the experimentally challenging ttH signal, each experiment then combined the results from all of its searches.
"The superb performance of the LHC and the improved experimental tools in mastering this complex analysis led to this beautiful result,” added CERN Director for Research and Computing Eckhard Elsen. “It also shows that we are on the right track with our plans for the High-Luminosity LHC and the physics results it promises.”
New results proving that the top quark acquires its mass from the Higgs field
Video above: Scientists from ATLAS, CMS and the CERN theory department explain the significance of today's results. (Video: CERN).
Note:
CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is one of the world’s largest and most respected centres for scientific research. Its business is fundamental physics, finding out what the Universe is made of and how it works. At CERN, the world’s largest and most complex scientific instruments are used to study the basic constituents of matter — the fundamental particles. By studying what happens when these particles collide, physicists learn about the laws of Nature.
The instruments used at CERN are particle accelerators and detectors. Accelerators boost beams of particles to high energies before they are made to collide with each other or with stationary targets. Detectors observe and record the results of these collisions.
Founded in 1954, the CERN Laboratory sits astride the Franco–Swiss border near Geneva. It was one of Europe’s first joint ventures and now has 22 Member States.
Related links:
Large Hadron Collider (LHC): https://home.cern/topics/large-hadron-collider
ATLAS: https://home.cern/about/experiments/atlas
CMS: https://home.cern/about/experiments/cms
LHCP conference in Bologna: http://lhcp2018.bo.infn.it/
Physical Review Letters: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.231801
Standard Model: https://home.cern/about/physics/standard-model
For more information about European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Visit: https://home.cern/
Images (mentioned), Graphic (mentioned), Video (mentioned), Text, Credits: CERN/Kate Kahle.
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