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March 29, 2021
Preamble
Here the first article of a series of articles by Ph.D. Morozov Sergey Lvovich, expert in chronology and calendar systems, as well as space biology and medicine, Parliamentarian of Asgardia (AMP) the first space Nation.
Ph.D. Morozov Sergey Lvovich
Space calendar. Part 1
Space expansion is an inevitable stage in the development of mankind. This is a way for Homo Sapiens to survive as a species, as well as to overcome the social and economic problems of civilization. Sergey Morozov talks about scientific solutions on the way to space exploration.
The problems of annual time keeping in space have a different applied meaning than on Earth. They solve questions of astronavigation and astrodynamics.
Today, civilization is faced with new requirements for synchronization and accuracy of time tracking.
There are no seasons of the year in space. There is neither day nor night. There are no moon cycles. There are no pagan and clerical holidays tied to earthly landmarks. There is no Earth in space as such. There is only Cosmos in space. Geocentrism is fundamentally replaced by # astrocentrism.
The accuracy of analog clerical calendars, which are all medieval calendars of our time (and there are simply no others today), does not at all correspond to the tasks of motion with cosmic speeds.
The history of calendars
Accuracy of calendars
- Lunar calendar is a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon's phases (synodic months), Since each lunation is approximately 29 1⁄2 days (29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 3 seconds, or 29.530588 days), it is common for the months of a lunar calendar to alternate between 29 and 30 days. Since the period of 12 such lunations, a lunar year, is only 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 34 seconds (354.367056 days).
- A solar calendar is a calendar whose dates indicate the season or almost equivalently the apparent position of the Sun relative to the stars. The Gregorian calendar, widely accepted as a standard in the world, is an example of a solar calendar. The main other type of calendar is a lunar calendar, whose months correspond to cycles of Moon phases. The months of the Gregorian calendar do not correspond to cycles of the Moon phase.
In contrast the solar calendars (lunar calendar above), whose annual cycles are based only directly on the solar year. The oldest solar calendars include the Julian calendar and the Coptic calendar. They both have a year of 365 days, which is extended to 366 once every four years, without exception, so have a mean year of 365.25 days. As solar calendars became more accurate, they evolved into two types.
- The ancient Egyptian calendar – a civil calendar – was a solar calendar with a 365-day year. The year consisted of three seasons of 120 days each, plus an intercalary month of five epagomenal days treated as outside of the year proper. Each season was divided into four months of 30 days. These twelve months were initially numbered within each season but came to also be known by the names of their principal festivals. Each month was divided into three 10-day periods known as decans or decades. It has been suggested that during the Nineteenth Dynasty and the Twentieth Dynasty the last two days of each decan were usually treated as a kind of weekend for the royal craftsmen, with royal artisans free from work.
- The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a minor modification of the Julian calendar, reducing the average year from 365.25 days to 365.2425 days, and adjusting for the drift in the 'tropical' or 'solar' year that the inaccuracy had caused during the intervening centuries.
The calendar spaces leap years to make its average year 365.2425 days long, approximating the 365.2422-day tropical year that is determined by the Earth's revolution around the Sun. The rule for leap years is:
Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100, but these centurial years are leap years if they are exactly divisible by 400. For example, the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 are not leap years, but the years 1600 and 2000 are (United States Naval Observatory).
There were two reasons to establish the Gregorian calendar. First, the Julian calendar assumed incorrectly that the average solar year is exactly 365.25 days long, an overestimate of a little under one day per century. The Gregorian reform shortened the average (calendar) year by 0.0075 days to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the equinoxes. Second, in the years since the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325, the excess leap days introduced by the Julian algorithm had caused the calendar to drift such that the (Northern) spring equinox was occurring well before its nominal 21 March date. This date was important to the Christian churches because it is fundamental to the calculation of the date of Easter. To reinstate the association, the reform advanced the date by 10 days: Thursday 4 October 1582 was followed by Friday 15 October 1582. In addition, the reform also altered the lunar cycle used by the Church to calculate the date for Easter, because astronomical new moons were occurring four days before the calculated dates.
Space calendar
In space, all terrestrial calendars are meaningless (practically useless). We need qualitatively new calendars: digital, accurate, "perpetual", civil, reference and standard.
Asgardia Space Nation Calendar
Each great epoch of civilization is marked by the creation or renewal of its own calendar. Now the most universal and accurate calendar has been adopted in the youngest nation of the Earth.
The creation of the space Nation of Asgardia was announced by the Head of the Nation Dr. Igor Ashurbeyli in Paris on October 12, 2016. The goal of the project was proclaimed - the creation of a nation that will be located in open space and at the same time will be independent from the states that exist now.
On January 28, 2017, the Head of the Nation approved the main state symbols of Asgardia - the flag, coat of arms and anthem. Decree No. 38 of December 18, 2019 introduced the digital civil reference standard national calendar of Asgardia.
Decree of the Head of the Nation of Asgardia "On the Commissioning of the Calendar"
The space Nation calendar is presented on the Asgardia website and is described in detail in three of Sergei L Morozov publications:
1. S.L. Morozov Asgardia's calendar and its role in the strategy of space industrialization. VKS No. 2 (99), 2019, pp. 10-19
https://asgardia.space/files/asgardia-calendar-morozov.pdf
2. Sergei L Morozov. Asgardia’s calendar and its role in space industrialization strategy. ROOM, Space Journal of Asgardia, Autumn 3 (21) 2019, pp. 66-72, (eng)
https://asgardia.space/files/asgardia-calendar-morozov-sep-19.pdf
3. Standard 13-month I. Medler - D.I. Mendeleev - S.L. Morozov reference calendar and its application for the industrialization of space society. Monograph - M .: LLC "VASH FORMAT", 2019. - 260 p. (Rus). ISBN 978-5-907092-99-0
http://www.cemi-ras.ru/dissertation/defense/morozov/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%94%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99-13-%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%AF%D0%A7%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99.pdf
The names of the months in the cosmic 13-month calendar are tied to the names of the constellations located on the ecliptic, on the map of the starry sky, and not to the myths of ancient Greece and the emperors of ancient Rome.
Belt of the zodiacal, or equatorial /ecliptic constellations (Click on the image for enlarge)
Ophiuchus - lat. Ophiuchus (astronomical name Serpentarius) is a large equatorial constellation that crosses the ecliptic and is called the 13th zodiac sign.
Ophiuchus - Jacopo Montano. Atlas Coelestis, Johan Cammayo 01.01.1729
What is the calendar of the space state of Asgardia? How does it differ from the existing Catholic Gregorian calendar adopted on February 24, 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII?
Coming soon the continuation of the series of articles "Space Calendar", as well as to learn about the actual conditions and opportunities for safe flights beyond the low orbits of the Earth.
Related links:
About Ph.D. Morozov Sergey Lvovich (in Russian): https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5fbb90753e3ad265054f930a/ob-avtore-kanala-5fbd2bf80b4af80149fb12c2
Original article in Russian on Zen.Yandex:
https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5fbb90753e3ad265054f930a/kosmicheskii-kalendar-chast-1-5fbe8e100b4af801490864a6
Asgardian Calendar: THE MOST ACCURATE CALENDAR BASED ON ATOMIC CLOCK:
https://asgardia.space/en/calendar
Asgardia website: https://asgardia.space/
Author: Ph.D. Morozov Sergey Lvovich / Zen.Yandex. The History of Calendars source: Wikipedia. Editor / Translation: Roland Berga.
Best regards, Orbiter.ch
