Europe’s Fifth and Final Resupply Ship Launches to Station

ARIANESPACE / ESA - Flight VA219/ATV-5 Mission poster.


July 29, 2014

All systems are "green", Ariane 5 ECA and ATV-5 ready for launch

The European Space Agency’s (ESA) fifth and final Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-5) launched Tuesday atop an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou, French Guiana, at 7:47 p.m. EDT. The ATV-5 will take a two week trip to the International Space Station docking to the Zvezda service module on Aug. 12 at 9:43 a.m. with 7 tons of science, food, fuel and supplies.

Final European resupply cargo ship begins its journey to the space station

The ATV-5 is named after the 20th century Belgian astronomer, Georges Lemaitre, who first proposed the expansion of the universe and applied Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity to cosmology.

En route to the station, the Georges Lemaitre will pass 3.9 miles beneath the space station Aug. 8 so European flight controllers can test new rendezvous sensors. Engineers may use the new sensors in the design and manufacture of future European spacecraft. After the “fly-under”, the ATV-5 will pass in front, above and behind the station for the final four days of its rendezvous with Zvezda.

Liftoff  of Europe’s Fifth and Final Resupply Ship Launches to ISS

Image above: Europe's fifth Automated Transfer Vehicle launches on time from Kourou, French Guiana.

The ATV-5 is scheduled to depart the station next January filled with trash and discarded gear. However, the spacecraft will reenter the Earth’s atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean at a very shallow trajectory allowing the crew and ground controllers to monitor the reentry.

Ariane 5 second stage and ATV-5 Georges Lemaitre on way to ISS

The reentry technique is an exercise to gather data that may be used to monitor the International Space Station when it eventually deorbits. Cameras inside the ATV-5 from Europe, Japan and the United States, will record the breakup of the ATV-5.

Since the beginning of the year, seven resupply vehicles have visited the International Space Station replenishing its crews.

For more information about ARIANESPACE, visit: http://www.arianespace.com/index/index.asp

For more information about the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), visit: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/ATV

Images, Video, Text, Credits: ARIANESPACE / ARIANESPACE TV / ESA / NASA / Orbiter.ch Aerospace.

Best regards, Orbiter.ch

Astronaut Mike Massimino Departs NASA for University Position

NASA patch.

July 29, 2014

After almost two decades with NASA, including two space shuttle missions, astronaut Mike Massimino left the space agency Monday for a full-time position with Columbia University in New York.

Massimino’s experience at NASA includes two shuttle missions to service the agency's Hubble Space Telescope. During the final servicing mission, STS-125 in 2009, Massimino became the first astronaut to tweet from space, which led to a significant social media following.

“Mike has played a significant role within the astronaut office in his time here,” said Bob Behnken, Chief of the Astronaut Office at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. “His technical expertise was extremely helpful in the many roles he fulfilled, not the least of which was his part in the successful Hubble servicing missions.”

“Mike embraced the opportunity to engage with the public in new ways and set the stage for more space explorers to be able to share their mission experience directly with people around the globe. We wish him well in his new role fostering the dreams and innovations of students just beginning their career paths,” Behnken said.

Image above: Astronaut Michael J. Massimino, STS-109 mission specialist, peers into Columbia's crew cabin during a brief break in work on the Hubble Space Telescope, latched down just a few feet behind him in Columbia's cargo bay, during his second extravehicular activity of STS109 on March 5, 2002.
Image Credit: NASA.

A native of New York, Massimino earned his undergraduate degree from Columbia University and went on to accrue four additional degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He holds two master's degrees, one in mechanical engineering and a second in technology and policy, and a doctorate in mechanical engineering.

Massimino joined NASA in 1996. Prior to his first spaceflight assignment, he served in the Astronaut Office Robotics Branch and in the Astronaut Office Extravehicular Activity (EVA, or spacewalk) Branch. Following his first spaceflight, he served in 2002 as a spacecraft communicator in mission control and as the Astronaut Office Technical Liaison to Johnson’s EVA Program Office.

He also logged more than 570 hours in space, including 30 hours of spacewalks. His first mission was STS-109 in 2002, during which the seven-person Columbia crew successfully upgraded Hubble with a new power unit, Advanced Camera for Surveys, and solar arrays. STS-109 set a mission record for spacewalk time with 35 hours and 55 minutes over five spacewalks. Massimino performed two spacewalks during STS-109 totaling 14 hours and 46 minutes.

During STS-125, Massimino spent six days servicing and upgrading Hubble with the assistance of crewmates aboard shuttle Atlantis. STS-125 overtook the record set on STS-109, with 36 hours and 56 minutes over five spacewalks. Massimino’s spacewalks on this mission totaled 15 hours and 58 minutes.

For Astronaut Mike Massimino’s complete NASA biography, visit:
http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/massimin.html

Image (mentioned), Text, Credits: NASA / Stephanie Schierholz / Johnson Space Center / Nicole Cloutier-Lemasters.

Cheers, Orbiter.ch

ULA - Delta IV / AFSPC-4 success launch

ULA - Delta IV / AFSPC-4 Mission poster.


July 28, 2014

Image above: A United Launch Alliance Delta IV rocket, with the Air Force's AFSPC-4 mission aboard, is readied for launch from Space Launch Complex-37 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla.

Monday, July 28, the launch of a United Launch Alliance Delta IV carrying the AFSPC-4 mission from Space Launch Complex (SLC)-37 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. Was launched at 6:43 p.m. EDT.

Launch of AFSPC-4 on Delta IV Rocket from Cape

The twin GSSAP spacecraft will support U.S. Strategic Command space surveillance operations as a dedicated Space Surveillance Network (SSN) sensor. The GSSAP will also support Joint Functional Component Command for Space (JFCC SPACE) tasking to collect space situational awareness data, allowing for more accurate tracking and characterization of man-made orbiting objects.

One of the two GSSAP spacecraft. Image Credit: USAF/SNC

The ANGELS satellite is managed by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Space Vehicles Directorate. As part of AFRL’s research in advanced Space Situational Awareness (SSA), ANGELS examines techniques for providing a clearer picture of the environment surrounding our nation’s vital space assets.

AFSPC-4 was the 33rd ULA mission for the U.S. Air Force. It will be the eighth of 15 planned missions ULA is slated to launch in 2014, and ULA’s 85th since the company formed in 2006.

For more information abou United Launch Alliance (ULA), visit: http://www.ulalaunch.com/

Images, Video, Text, Credits: ULA/ULA TV/USAF/SNC.

Greetings, Orbiter.ch

Science and Spacesuit Work While ATV-5 Preps for Launch

ISS - Expedition 40 Mission patch.

July 28, 2014

The six-member Expedition 40 crew spent Monday on science work and spacesuit maintenance on the International Space Station. Meanwhile, on the ground in Kourou, French Guiana, the European Space Agency is counting down to Tuesday’s launch of its fifth and final Automated Transfer Vehicle atop on Ariane 5 rocket.

Commander Steve Swanson began his morning photographing astronauts Reid Wiseman and Alexander Gerst as they drew their own blood samples. Wiseman stowed those samples inside a science freezer for later analysis.

After his blood draws and sample stowage, Wiseman loaded software for the Human Research Facility-2 rack. The first time space flyer then assisted the commander throughout Monday on spacesuit maintenance. He started the spacesuit work scrubbing cooling loops and collecting a water sample for analysis. Next, he joined the commander for spacesuit inspection work.

Image above: Reid Wiseman sets up the Combustion Integrated Rack which includes an optics bench, combustion chamber, fuel and oxidizer control and five different cameras, allows a variety of combustion experiments to be performed safely aboard the station. Image Credit: NASA TV.

Read more about the Human Research Facility-2 rack: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/60.html

Swanson also spent some time after his photography work removing alignment guides in the Combustion Integrated Rack. Afterward, he installed a plant experiment unit inside the Cell Biology Experiment Facility for the Resist Tubule botany experiment.

Read more about the Combustion Integrated Rack: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/326.html

Read more about the Cell Biology Experiment Facility: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/342.html

Read more about the Resist Tubule botany experiment: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/966.html

The commander then spent the rest of the day on maintenance on one of the U.S. spacesuits. For his first task he filled the liquid cooling ventilation garment with water. Next he scrubbed the spacesuit and Quest airlock cooling loops of particulates and microbes. He collected a sample of the cooling loop water to determine the effectiveness of the scrubbing work. Swanson finally inspected the spacesuit’s sublimator and checked for water leaks.

Gerst, a German astronaut from the European Space Agency, spent most of his day on the Burning and Suppression of Solids (BASS-II) combustion experiment. He conducted two flame tests reducing the oxygen partial pressure in the Destiny laboratory’s Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) to create a stable blue flame with a long burn time. Scientists on the ground observed the work with cameras downlinking the video from inside the MSG.

Read more about the Burning and Suppression of Solids (BASS-II) combustion experiment: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/1262.html

In between the BASS-II work, Gerst headed over to the Kibo laboratory to work inside the Kobairo experiment rack. Gerst then measured the insulation resistance of the racks’ Gradient Heating Furnace which is used to investigate crystal growth on semiconductors.

Veteran cosmonaut Alexander Skvortsov started his day with photography work for the Aseptic experiment which studies ways to sterilize space hardware. He then sampled and sterilized surfaces in the station’s Russian segment for the microbiology experiment. Skvortsov later worked on cargo ISS Progress 56 (56P) transfers inside the Pirs docking compartment and updated the inventory management system.

International Space Station (ISS). Image Credit: NASA

Flight Engineer Oleg Artemyev set up and worked throughout the day with the Kaskad experiment. The Russian study investigates the processes of cultivation of different types of cells and the technology to enable those processes. Artemyev also inventoried and stowed exercise clothes.

Upcoming Expedition 41 Commander Max Suraev started his day with 56P cargo transfers. Next he moved on to an experiment that explores using 3-D interactive manuals to train for experiments aboard the space station. Suraev then assisted Artemyev photographing his work for the Kaskad experiment. Finally, he participated in the Kaltsiy experiment, or Calcium, that observes bone demineralization in long-term space station crew members.

ESA’s fifth and final Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-5) will launch Tuesday atop an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou, French Guiana, at 7:47 p.m. EDT. The ATV-5 will take a two week trip to the International Space Station docking to the Zvezda service module on Aug. 12 at 9:43 a.m. with 7 tons of science, food, fuel and supplies.

For more information about the International Space Station and its current crew, visit http://www.nasa.gov/station/

Images (mentioned), Text, Credit: NASA.

Cheers, Orbiter.ch

Cassini Spacecraft Reveals 101 Geysers and more on Icy Saturn Moon

NASA / ESA - Cassini "Insider's" logo.

July 28, 2014

Scientists using mission data from NASA’s Cassini spacecraft have identified 101 distinct geysers erupting on Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus.  Their analysis suggests it is possible for liquid water to reach from the moon’s underground sea all the way to its surface.

These findings, and clues to what powers the geyser eruptions, are presented in two articles published in the current online edition of the Astronomical Journal.

Over a period of almost seven years, Cassini’s cameras surveyed the south polar terrain of the small moon, a unique geological basin renowned for its four prominent "tiger stripe” fractures and the geysers of tiny icy particles and water vapor first sighted there nearly 10 years ago. The result of the survey is a map of 101 geysers, each erupting from one of the tiger stripe fractures, and the discovery that individual geysers are coincident with small hot spots. These relationships pointed the way to the geysers’ origin.

Image above: This artist's rendering shows a cross-section of the ice shell immediately beneath one of Enceladus' geyser-active fractures, illustrating the physical and thermal structure and the processes ongoing below and at the surface. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute.

After the first sighting of the geysers in 2005, scientists suspected repeated flexing of Enceladus by Saturn’s tides as the moon orbits the planet had something to do with their behavior. One suggestion included the back-and-forth rubbing of opposing walls of the fractures generating frictional heat that turned ice into geyser-forming vapor and liquid.

Alternate views held that the opening and closing of the fractures allowed water vapor from below to reach the surface. Before this new study, it was not clear which process was the dominating influence. Nor was it certain whether excess heat emitted by Enceladus was everywhere correlated with geyser activity.

To determine the surface locations of the geysers, researchers employed the same process of triangulation used historically to survey geological features on Earth, such as mountains. When the researchers compared the geysers’ locations with low-resolution maps of thermal emission, it became apparent the greatest geyser activity coincided with the greatest thermal radiation. Comparisons between the geysers and tidal stresses revealed similar connections. However, these correlations alone were insufficient to answer the question, “What produces what?”

The answer to this mystery came from comparison of the survey results with high-resolution data collected in 2010 by Cassini’s heat-sensing instruments. Individual geysers were found to coincide with small-scale hot spots, only a few dozen feet (or tens of meters) across, which were too small to be produced by frictional heating, but the right size to be the result of condensation of vapor on the near-surface walls of the fractures. This immediately implicated the hot spots as the signature of the geysering process.

Enceladus seen by Cassini. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

“Once we had these results in hand we knew right away heat was not causing the geysers, but vice versa,” said Carolyn Porco, leader of the Cassini imaging team from the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado, and lead author of the first paper. “It also told us the geysers are not a near-surface phenomenon, but have much deeper roots.”

Thanks to recent analysis of Cassini gravity data, the researchers concluded the only plausible source of the material forming the geysers is the sea now known to exist beneath the ice shell. They also found that narrow pathways through the ice shell can remain open from the sea all the way to the surface, if filled with liquid water. 

In the companion paper, the authors report the brightness of the plume formed by all the geysers, as seen with Cassini’s high resolution cameras, changes periodically as Enceladus orbits Saturn.  Armed with the conclusion the opening and closing of the fractures modulates the venting, the authors compared the observations with the expected venting schedule due to tides.

They found the simplest model of tidal flexing provides a good match for the brightness variations Cassini observes, but it does not predict the time when the plume begins to brighten. Some other important effect is present and the authors considered several in the course of their work.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team consists of scientists from the United States, England, France and Germany. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute.

Additional details, images and an animation are available at: http://www.ciclops.org/view_event/202

More information about Cassini is available at: http://www.nasa.gov/cassini
and http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov and http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Cassini-Huygens

Images (mentioned), Text, Credits: NASA / Dwayne Brown / JPL / Preston Dyches / Space Science Institute / Steve Mullins.

Best regards, Orbiter.ch

Venus Express: up above the clouds so high

ESA - Venus Express Mission patch.

28 July 2014

ESA’s Venus Express spacecraft has climbed to a new orbit following its daring aerobraking experiment, and will now resume observations of this fascinating planet for at least a few more months.

The orbit-raising followed a month of aerobraking that saw the spacecraft surf in and out of the atmosphere at altitudes typically between 131 km and 135 km for a couple of minutes on each of its closest approaches to the planet.

Before, normal operations involved an elliptical orbit every 24 hours that took Venus Express from 66 000 km over the south pole down to around 250 km at the north pole, just above the top of the atmosphere.

A day in the life of Venus Express

But, after eight years and with propellant running low, the Venus Express team began a daring aerobraking campaign, dipping the craft progressively lower into the atmosphere on its closest approaches.

The experiment directly explored previously uncharted regions of the atmosphere, while also providing information on how a spacecraft responds when encountering the tenuous upper reaches of an atmosphere at high speed.

Aerobraking can be used to reduce the speed of a spacecraft approaching a planet or moon with an atmosphere, allowing it to be captured into orbit, and to move from an elliptical orbit to a more circular one. Less fuel has to be carried, yielding benefits all round. The technique will be used on future missions and the Venus Express experiments will help guide their design.

“We have collected valuable data on the Venusian atmosphere in a region difficult to characterise by other means,” says Håkan Svedhem, ESA’s Venus Express project scientist.

“The results show that the atmosphere seems to be more variable than previously thought for this altitude range, but further analysis will be needed in order to explain these variations properly.”

Between altitudes of 165 km and 130 km, the atmospheric density increases by a factor of roughly a thousand, meaning that the forces and stress encountered by Venus Express were much higher than during normal operations.

It also experienced extreme heating cycles, with temperatures rising by over 100ºC during several 100 second-long passages through the atmosphere.

 Venus Express aerobraking

In addition, the atmospheric drag at these lower altitudes was so great that the spacecraft’s orbital period was reduced by more than an hour.

“The spacecraft has proven to be very robust and has apparently experienced no substantial degradation in any area, but a detailed evaluation is still to take place,” says Joerg Fischer, Venus Express operations engineer.

At the end of the campaign, 15 thruster burns raised the craft’s altitude, preventing it from dropping into the atmosphere. The last was executed on Thursday evening, boosting Venus Express to a new altitude of 460 km at its closest and 63 000 km at its furthest. This new orbit takes 22 hours 24 minutes to complete.

“During the 15 manoeuvres, each thruster fired more than 8000 pulses and burned a total of about 5.2 kg of propellant to raise the spacecraft to this new altitude,” adds Joerg.

This orbit will slowly decay again under gravity, but with only a few kilograms of fuel at most now remaining further altitude-raising manoeuvres may not be possible. If no further corrections are made, Venus Express will probably reenter the atmosphere again in December, but this time for good, ending the mission.

In the meantime, having survived not only the aerobraking experiment but also the most recent orbit-raising manoeuvres, all of the science experiments will be reactivated, continuing their detailed study of Venus for at least a few more months.

“We are delighted with the success of the experimental aerobraking campaign, and are looking forward to assessing the details over the coming months,” says Patrick Martin, mission manager.

“Meanwhile, we are enjoying the view from our new orbit around Venus, and plan to continue augmenting the scientific return of this exciting mission.”

Notes for Editors:

A final wrap-up will be provided at the end of the mission. Any interim reports will be provided via the Rocket Science blog and @esaoperations on twitter.

Rocket Science blog: http://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/

For key science highlights, see:

Shape-shifting polar vortices: http://sci.esa.int/venus-express/54062-1-shape-shifting-polar-vortices/

Recent volcanism?: http://sci.esa.int/venus-express/54063-2-recent-volcanism/

Spinning Venus is slowing down: http://sci.esa.int/venus-express/54064-3-spinning-venus-is-slowing-down/

Super-rotation is speeding up: http://sci.esa.int/venus-express/54065-4-super-rotation-is-speeding-up/

ESA finds that Venus has an ozone layer too: http://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.ch/2011/10/esa-finds-that-venus-has-ozone-layer.html

Water loss: http://sci.esa.int/venus-express/54068-7-water-loss/

A curious cold layer in the atmosphere of Venus: http://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.ch/2012/10/a-curious-cold-layer-in-atmosphere-of.html

A magnetic surprise: http://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.ch/2012/04/magnetic-surprise-for-venus-express.html

Venus Express gets ready to take the plunge: http://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.ch/2014/05/venus-express-gets-ready-to-take-plunge.html

For more information about Venus Express Mission, visit: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Venus_Express

Images, Text, Credits: ESA/C. Carreau/Video: ESA/MPS/DLR/IDA, M. Pérez-Ayúcar & C. Wilson.

Greetings, Orbiter.ch

NASA’s Long-Lived Mars Opportunity Rover Sets Off-World Driving Record

NASA - Mars Exploration Rover "Opportunity" (MER-B) patch.

July 28, 2014

NASA's Opportunity Mars rover, which landed on the Red Planet in 2004, now holds the off-Earth roving distance record after accruing 25 miles (40 kilometers) of driving. The previous record was held by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 2 rover.

"Opportunity has driven farther than any other wheeled vehicle on another world," said Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager John Callas, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. "This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about one kilometer and was never designed for distance. But what is really important is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance."

A drive of 157 feet (48 meters) on July 27 put Opportunity's total odometry at 25.01 miles (40.25 kilometers).This month's driving brought the rover southward along the western rim of Endeavour Crater. The rover had driven more than 20 miles (32 kilometers) before arriving at Endeavour Crater in 2011, where it has examined outcrops on the crater’s rim containing clay and sulfate-bearing minerals. The sites are yielding evidence of ancient environments with less acidic water than those examined at Opportunity’s landing site.

Image above: NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity, working on Mars since January 2004, passed 25 miles of total driving on July 27, 2014. The gold line on this map shows Opportunity's route from the landing site inside Eagle Crater (upper left) to its location after the July 27 (Sol 3735) drive. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/NMMNHS.

If the rover can continue to operate the distance of a marathon -- 26.2 miles (about 42.2 kilometers) -- it will approach the next major investigation site mission scientists have dubbed "Marathon Valley." Observations from spacecraft orbiting Mars suggest several clay minerals are exposed close together at this valley site, surrounded by steep slopes where the relationships among different layers may be evident.

The Russian Lunokhod 2 rover, a successor to the first Lunokhod mission in 1970, landed on Earth's moon on Jan. 15, 1973, where it drove about 24.2 miles (39 kilometers) in less than five months, according to calculations recently made using images from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) cameras that reveal Lunokhod 2's tracks.

Irina Karachevtseva at Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography's Extraterrestrial Laboratory in Russia, Brad Jolliff of Washington University in St. Louis, Tim Parker of JPL, and others, collaborated to verify the map-based methods for computing distances are comparable for Lunokhod-2 and Opportunity.

Graphic above: This chart provides a comparison of the distances driven by various wheeled vehicles on the surface of Mars and Earth's moon. Of the vehicles shown, NASA's Mars rovers Opportunity and Curiosity are still active and the totals listed are distances driven as of July 28, 2014. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.

"The Lunokhod missions still stand as two signature accomplishments of what I think of as the first golden age of planetary exploration, the 1960s and '70s," said Steve Squyres of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and principal investigator for NASA's twin Mars rovers, Opportunity and Spirit. "We’re in a second golden age now, and what we’ve tried to do on Mars with Spirit and Opportunity has been very much inspired by the accomplishments of the Lunokhod team on the moon so many years ago. It has been a real honor to follow in their historical wheel tracks."

Opportunity rover (MER-B). Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

As Opportunity neared the mileage record earlier this year, the rover team chose the name Lunokhod 2 for a crater about 20 feet (6 meters) in diameter on the outer slope of Endeavour's rim on Mars.

The Mars Exploration Rover Project is one element of NASA's ongoing and future Mars missions preparing for a human mission to the planet in the 2030s. JPL manages the project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD), in Washington. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages LRO for SMD.

For more information about NASA’s Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/rovers and http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov

Follow the project on Twitter at: http://twitter.com/MarsRovers

On Facebook, visit: http://www.facebook.com/mars.rovers

An image of Lunokhod 2's tracks, as imaged by NASA's LRO, is available online at: http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/posts/774

Images, Graphic (mentioned), Text, Credits: NASA / Dwayne Brown / JPL / Guy Webster.

Best regards, Orbiter.ch