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May 31, 2021
Preamble
Here the eighteenth (18.2) article of a series of articles by Ph.D. Morozov Sergey Lvovich, expert in chronology and calendar systems, as well as space biology and medicine, Parliamentarian of Asgardia (AMP) the first space Nation.
Ph.D. Morozov Sergey Lvovich
The colonization of Mars and other objects in the solar system will begin with the colonization of the moon. The wealth and power of civilization will grow by the Moon.
Abstract
There are three commonly used terms: geopolitics, astropolitics, and selenopolitics. I propose to supplement these terms with the new term "selenostrategy", combining under the latter all the actions of modern civilization (all states on Earth and their structures - state, private and public) to colonize the Moon (Selena). This is the novelty of the use of this proposed new scientific term. The existing similar term "selenopolitics" historically assumes a different content [1,2].
Key words: selenium strategy; selenopolitics; stationary and mobile Homeostatic Ark (HA); artificial gravity; the birth of the first man in space; space man and space humanity.
SELENOSTRATEGY (Part 2)
The USSR was supposed to become the first manned mode on Mars. In June 1960, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers set the day for the manned launch of the N-1 rocket to Mars - June 8, 1971, - with a return to Earth after 3 years and 2 days, - June 10, 1974.
Rocket N-1
That is, without the creation of a mobile homeostatic ark from Mars, the astronauts would simply not have flown back to Earth alive and well in 1974.
Korolev did not yet know this negative phenomenon of weightlessness in the formation of human physiology. But he well understood, following Tsiolkovsky, that long flights into space must necessarily have an apparatus for creating artificial gravity (gravity) on a spacecraft.
He was a genius. Everything would have worked out for him with a manned flight, and with a landing on Mars, and with a return to Earth back. It was he who proposed an original technique for using the last stage of a launch vehicle to create artificial gravity during long-term manned expeditions in deep space.
Korolev Sergey Pavlovich - Chief Designer of Soviet Space Systems (1907-1966)
Ship with artificial gravity S.P. Korolev began designing to reach and colonize the Moon and Mars back in 1963. To reduce its size, he proposed using a counterweight - a system of interconnected rotating bodies.
For the orbital ship, the counterweight should have been the empty last stage of the launch vehicle, which had previously been simply thrown away.
Image above: Scheme for the creation of artificial gravity in the Earth's orbit, S.P. Korolev (1964 year).
NASA astronauts Gordon and Konrad implemented this idea of Korolev on the Gemini 11 spacecraft. The launch was made on September 12, 1966 at 14:42:27 UTC, landing on September 15, 1966 at 13:59:35 UTC.
They connected the last stage of the Agena XI missile to the Gemini 11 with a 30-meter cable. The system revolved around a common center of mass with a shoulder - a radius of about 15 meters - that is, it was almost equal to the size of the TsF-18 centrifuge at the Yu.A. Gagarin, with a shoulder - a radius of rotation of 18 meters.
The Gemini-Agena line connected by a cable was brought into rotation. With the help of the Agena engines, the apogee of the orbit was raised to a record height of 1,372 km (853 miles). This is how the world's first centrifuge spacecraft was created.
Most likely, Korolev would send a ship with an artificial gravity system to Mars. He was definitely thinking about it.
Image above: Wernher von Braun also thought about the same, who back in 1952 published a book (Von Braun, W .: Crossing the Final Frontier, Colliers, March 22, 1952), reprinted in 1975 - and in the same 1952 he wrote popular science book "Project Mars" (Das Marsprojekt).
In his first book, he described a mobile GC in a version of a single-module "Stanford Torus", in a more detailed version, which is the concept of a single-disk ring-shaped rotating space station.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_torus)
Stanford torus configuration
Image above: External view of a Stanford torus with some of the radiation-shielding "chevron" mirrors removed to show interior space.
General characteristics
- Location: Earth–Moon L5 Lagrangian point
Lagrange points in the Earth–Moon system (not to scale)
Visualisation of the relationship between the Lagrangian points (red) of a Moon (blue) orbiting a Earth (yellow) anticlockwise, and the effective potential in the plane containing the orbit (grey rubber-sheet model with purple contours of equal potential).
Total mass: 10 million tons (including radiation shield (95%), habitat, and atmosphere):
- Diameter: 1,790 m (1.11 mi)
- Circumference: 5,623.45 m (3.49 mi)
- Habitation tube diameter: 130 m (430 ft)
- Spokes: 6 spokes of 15 m (49 ft) diameter
- Rotation: 1 revolution per minute
- Radiation shield: 1.7 meters (5.6 feet) thick raw lunar soil
The ring single-disk station was a torus (ring) with a diameter of about 1.8 kilometers, which rotated around its axis at an angular velocity of one revolution per minute, creating an artificial earth-level gravity on the ring in the amount of 0.9 - 1.0 g due to centrifugal force rotation. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_torus)
Image above: Wernher von Braun with the layout of his circular single-disk rotating station (1952) - a universal mobile homeostatic ark (GC), which could be both an orbiting space station and an independent planetary spacecraft.
Image above: A mobile homeostatic ark (GC) in space (NASA project) served by spacecraft.
Image above: Wernher von Braun's 1969 Apollo space station model with a counterbalanced artificial gravity system according to Korolev.
Korolev's concept was used on the 1969 American space station, which was supposed to be assembled in Earth orbit from the used stages of the Apollo program. The station was supposed to rotate around the central axis and generate artificial gravity when flying to both the Moon and Mars.
On average, it was assumed that the road to Mars for its flyby would take a year and a half - about 500 days (16.7 months or 1.4 years). The cosmonauts will have to rely only on their own forces on the way, there will be simply nowhere to wait for help. Many factors will undermine these own forces: stress, radiation, lack of a magnetic field.
The most important test for the body is a change in gravity. On the journey, a person will "get acquainted" with several levels of gravity. First of all, these are overloads during takeoff.
Then - weightlessness (hypo- or microgravity) during the flight. Then overload when landing. After that - hypogravity at the destination, since the force of gravity on Mars is 38% of that of Earth.
(https://fb.ru/article/274686/iskusstvennaya-gravitatsiya-i-sposobyi-ee-sozdaniya)
Moreover, if astronauts do not want to be weightless on a long journey, and to be subjected to terrible biological effects like loss of bone mass and space blindness, it is necessary that a constant force of artificial gravity acts on their bodies.
For forces other than gravity, this is not a problem. For example, for electromagnetic stimulation, one could put a command in a conductive shell and this would eliminate all external electromagnetic fields. And then inside it would be possible to arrange two parallel plates and organize a constant electric field, which would make the charges move in a certain direction.
Of all the options currently being considered, a rotating disc or cylindrical structure looks most realistic. In addition, the radius of the spacecraft should be large enough so that the Coriolis effect (the difference in centrifugal forces acting on the head and legs of an astronaut at the same time) does not significantly affect the human vestibular apparatus.
To manage something like this, it is logical to use the O'Neill cylinder mentioned above. In this case, the chances of using such a design for interplanetary flights increase with the provision of the ship's crew with a comfortable level of artificial gravity.
(https://fb.ru/article/274686/iskusstvennaya-gravitatsiya-i-sposobyi-ee-sozdaniya)
Elon Musk knows this. Wernher von Braun, in his second book, Das Marsprojekt, predicted with surprising accuracy that a man named Elon would be the political head of a republic on the planet Mars.
This prediction was made in 1952. The real Elon Musk was born only 20 years later on June 28, 1971 (today he is 49 years old), in Pretoria, South Africa.
In chapter 24 of this work, he describes the future government of the planet Mars: “The Martian government was ruled by ten people, their leader was elected for five years by universal suffrage, and he was called“ Elon ”. The two chambers of parliament passed laws on the basis of which Elon and his cabinet exercised control. "
(https://iris-the-fox.livejournal.com/348169.html)
"CRITERION OF WEIGHTNESS (MICROGRAVITATION)"
It will be necessary to completely artificially compensate for the lack of natural gravity both on the Moon (and Mars) in a stationary homeostatic ark, and in outer space on a mobile GC.
Deep Space spacecraft of "The Martian" movie, with gravity well at center
This is the only way to overcome the “criterion of weightlessness (microgravity)” (the criterion of the reversibility of physiological changes), which, according to empirical data, for an adult is from 15 to 20 months of continuous stay in a state of complete weightlessness (microgravity), but no more than this period (skeleton will become less dense due to calcium loss by 15-20%).
Further destruction of the human skeleton by microgravity (weightlessness) is already irreversible, the body no longer has reserves to restore the lost functions, and therefore it dies.
Red bone marrow suffers from weightlessness, which is destroyed together with bone tissue in a state of microgravity. In humans, it accounts for up to 45% of the total bone mass of the skeleton.
Red bone marrow produces erythrocytes (red blood cells with hemoglobin), without which the respiratory chain of gas exchange does not work normally: oxygen-carbon dioxide.
Body cells without hemoglobin stop receiving oxygen and cannot remove carbon dioxide. Breathing stops and "sudden" death from "cardiovascular failure" occurs?
Bone tissue even 3 years after the flight is not fully restored on Earth in all cosmonauts. Probably, subclinical pathology persists for the rest of his life.
Red bone marrow degenerates into yellow bone marrow (fat) and does not recover back even when the density of the bones of the skeleton on Earth is restored after a flight into space.
Therefore, before the start of space flights, it would be advisable to take samples of their own bone red marrow from each cosmonaut and spacecraft passenger and store them in deep freeze as a mandatory safety net.
Then it will be possible, upon returning from space travel, to make his reverse transplant (transplant) to the patient without fear of rejection of his own transplant material, if such a need arises. There will be no need to urgently search for a compatible bone marrow donor if signs of radiation sickness suddenly appear.
Participants of the Apollo program, according to American doctors (2016), died from cardiovascular pathology up to 5 times more often than those who did not participate in this program.
Scientists who published their work in the scientific journal Scientific Reports believe that the data they have collected should be taken into account by the space agencies of various countries preparing manned flights to the Moon or Mars - as the researchers believe, one of the primary tasks in preparing such missions, especially such long ones, as a journey to the Red Planet, there must be maximum safety for the health of the crew.
American researchers from the University of Florida have come to the conclusion that a long stay in space outside low Earth orbit greatly increases the risk of dangerous heart disease.
Professor Michael Delp drew attention to the fact that 43 percent of the Apollo program participants who visited the Moon or its orbit subsequently died as a result of cardiovascular disease.
Other astronauts, who had not been so far from the Earth, died for this reason 4-5 times less often. The cause of the "lunar illness" that killed many of the Apollo mission participants continues to be studied.
(https://www.mk.ru/science/2016/07/29/naydena-prichina-lunnoy-bolezni-pogubivshey-mnogikh-uchastnikov-missii-apollon.html)
Cosmonaut Nikolaev unexpectedly died at the age of 75 on July 3, 2004 in Cheboksary, where he was the chief judge of the V All-Russian Summer Rural Sports Games. He died on the way to the Sport Hotel of a heart attack, which led to his fifth massive heart attack.
On October 14, 1964, Khrushchev was removed from office, and the productive working interaction between Korolev and Khrushchev ended there. In May 1974, the Soviet lunar program was closed by Brezhnev and Ustinov, all work on the N-1 rocket was discontinued.
Rockets numbered "8L" and "9L" were destroyed at the launch sites
Two rockets fully ready for launch, numbered 8L and 9L, were destroyed at the launch sites on the direct orders of Marshal Ustinov, USSR Minister of Defense.
Formally, the order to destroy was carried out by Academician Glushko, who since May 22, 1974 has headed the newly created NPO Energia, the largest ever in the industry, which, among others, included Korolevskoe TsKBEM, like the GKB, and NPO Energomash.
(http://ymorno.ru/index.php?showtopic=51337&hl=%EC%E0%F0%F1)
The closure of the Soviet manned flight program to the moon took place in June 1974, at the same time the entire cosmonaut corps was disbanded.
The next month, the missiles ready for launch were cut into pieces. The destruction of the technological backlog has led to a 15-year lag in the development of astronautics.
The founding fathers of cosmonautics: Tsiolkovsky K.E., Korolev S.P. and Wernher von Braun - all three of them unambiguously called for the creation of long-term space systems equipped with artificial gravity instruments.
Tsiolkovsky K.E., Korolev S.P. and Wernher von Braun - the founding fathers of astronautics
But none of the six nationwide government programs presented below even provides today in a direct form for the key deployment on its national lunar residential facility of a stationary Homeostatic Ark (GC) with earth-level artificial gravity systems to compensate for the lack of 5/6 gravity on the Moon in relation to Earth.
Why? Because of their high cost. To implement the program for the construction of a full-fledged stationary GC on the Moon, at least the equivalent of $ 25 billion must be spent.
In 2020, the Roscosmos budget for civilian purposes amounted to 176 billion rubles, and the NASA budget was $ 22.6 billion. But in the United States there are still separate budgets for private space companies. And this is not only SpaceX, there are also such large companies as
Exploration Architecture Corporation (XArc) and others, as well as many small ones.
At the current exchange rate, the Roscosmos budget for the past year thus amounted to $ 2.3 billion. This is inferior to the budgets of not only NASA, but also:
The European Space Agency ($ 7 billion in 2018) and
China National Space Administration (CNSA) (2017 $ 11 billion).
France, separately from the European Union, spends no less than Roscosmos ($ 2.4 billion in 2018),
Germany spent $ 2.55 billion that same year.
Today, all of the world's resources are scattered among the small national 72 space agencies in an amount equivalent to about $ 60 billion in total.
All space agencies in the World (Total of listed budgets) about 60,482 (in millions of US $).
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_government_space_agencies)
This amount, in principle, would be enough to create one well-equipped international stationary lunar GC.
Therefore, the idea of combining all national resources on the basis of the UN for common space programs for all has no alternative. Perhaps the ideology of SELENIC STRATEGY will unite the whole world and become a WORLD SELENIC STRATEGY? Perhaps it will rid the world of the endless threat of world wars?
Six strategic nationwide lunar programs and the task of their integration into a single global program of the United Nations (UN)
The dreams of civilization about the industrial manned exploration of the Moon were made a reality by the flight of Youri Alekseïevitch Gagarin on April 12, 1961.
Today there are 6 (six) powerful nationwide strategic programs for the colonization of the Moon: Russia, India, Japan, China, the EU and the United States, which have not yet been coordinated with each other. Only China and Russia have reached a certain degree of such preliminary coordination of their programs.
In principle, civilization - purely theoretically - would only benefit from the worldwide unification of all national space programs on the basis of the UN, for which more than 60 billion dollars are allocated by 72 space national agencies in the world annually.
This would allow to avoid unnecessary duplication of all programs and senseless waste and waste of resources.
It is the phenomenon of artificial gravity that is of fundamental importance for the successful selenium strategy of space mankind, for all its national programs.
Without the implementation of the program for the construction of a GC with an earthly level of artificial gravity, civilization is unlikely to be able to fully master the Universe as its main place of residence. This will be a limited short-term simple rotational way of short-term visits to the lunar surface.
I. Russia's program consists of 3 stages. "Strategy for the development of space activities in Russia until 2030 and beyond."
Stage 1 2016-2025. It involves sending to the moon the automatic interplanetary stations Luna-25, Luna-26, Luna-27 and Luna-28. They will have to determine the composition and physicochemical properties of the lunar polar regolith with water ice and other volatile compounds. In addition, the task of the devices will be to select the most promising region in the region of the Moon's South Pole for the future deployment of a test site and a lunar base there.
The launch of the Russian apparatus "Luna-25" to the moon is scheduled for October 1, 2021. Reserve date - October 30.
In 2024, Russia is to send the Luna-26 orbital station to the Earth's satellite, and in 2025 - the Luna-27 landing station.
Image above: MORPHLAB in Habitat Configuration - Exploration Rover Concepts and Development Challenges by June F. Zakrajsek.
More distant plans include the dispatch of the Luna-28 heavy landing station in 2027-2028 for taking soil and delivering it to Earth, as well as the Luna-29 station for transporting the heavy lunar rover.
- Stage 2 2028-2030. Includes manned expeditions to the orbit of the Moon without landing on its surface.
- Stage 3 2030-2040. It includes the landing of astronauts in the area of the potential location of the lunar test site and the deployment of the first elements of infrastructure from lunar matter. In particular, it is proposed to start building elements of the lunar astronomical observatory, as well as objects for monitoring the Earth.
Image above: The International Lunar Observatory (ILO-1) is a private, scientific and commercial lunar mission to place a small observatory on the South Pole of the Moon to conduct astrophysical studies using an optical telescope. Source Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Lunar_Observatory.
By 2050, it is planned to build a habitable base and a landfill for mining.
II. US program - to colonize the moon. Artemis Accords. In May 2019, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstein announced the launch of the Artemis program (named after the Greek goddess of the hunt, sister of Apollo).
“There are many reasons to return, or, as you may have heard me say, to go forward to the moon. We will accelerate our return to the Moon by 2024 and lay the foundation for a sustainable human presence on the Moon by 2028.
With Artemis, we are going to explore more of the Moon than ever before, and this time, we plan to return and stay on the Moon. With our Artemis program, we will once again establish American leadership and strategic presence on the Moon, and expand our global reach here on Earth. " ...
https://blogs.nasa.gov/bridenstine/2019/10/02/why-were-going-to-the-moon/
The program is divided into two stages: The first stage includes landing on the Moon in 2024 and includes: a manned orbital flyby of the Moon Artemis-2, the beginning of the construction of the international circumlunar station Gateway, the landing of the crew with the first woman on the Moon in the Artemis-3 mission. The second stage of the program is flights to the moon and the creation of lunar infrastructure.
III. The ambitious plan for Aurora, the European Space Agency, envisions eventually, after 2030, an expedition and a base on the moon.
In April 2018, the European Space Agency announced the start of work on a project to create a permanent base on the lunar surface. The base project is designed in four stages, from 2020 to 2062.
- The first stage (2020—2030) is mapping the lunar surface and the development of the Krypton heavy launch vehicle, the booster and landing lunar modules.
- The second stage (2030–2032) is the determination of the location of the future base, the delivery by Krypton of four cosmonauts and modules to create the base itself, and the launch of the space station into orbit.
- The third stage (2032–2042) - delivery and installation of command and repair modules, a power plant for powering the base and the lunar rover.
- The fourth stage (2042–2062) is the creation of life support systems, an industrial base and an observatory, the launch of a permanent base by 2062 without the need for a person to stay on the Moon permanently.
IV. China has repeatedly announced its plans to explore the moon and. On October 24, 2007, the first Chinese lunar satellite, Chang'e-1, was successfully launched from the Xichang cosmodrome. His task was to obtain stereo images, with the help of which they would subsequently make a volumetric map of the lunar surface.
In the future, the PRC expects to establish a habitable scientific base on the Moon. According to the Chinese program, the development of a natural satellite of the Earth is scheduled for 2040-2060. The project of a lunar base in China is being developed under the leadership of the general designer of China's lunar program, Wu Weizhen.
V. The Japan Space Research Agency planned to commission a manned station on the Moon by 2030 - five years later than previously anticipated. In 2007, the space station "Kaguya" Japan began orbital exploration of the moon. In March 2010, Japan decided to abandon the manned lunar program due to its excessive cost in favor of robotic settlements.
VI. India sent the first Chandrayan-1 to the Moon in 2008 for 3D mapping and radio sounding to map surface chemical elements in search of metals, water and helium-3.
The Indian Space Research Organization has presented plans for the imminent dispatch of a lunar rover and joint or independent manned flights to the Moon in the distant future (after 2025-2030).
Image above: Russia and China have formally invited countries and international organizations to join the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) project.
March 9, 2021. Russia signed a memorandum with the PRC on the establishment of the International Scientific Lunar Station (International Scientific Lunar Station). Dmitry Rogozin, General Director of Roscosmos State Corporation, and Zhang Kejian, Head of KNKA, signed a Memorandum of Understanding on behalf of the governments of Russia and China between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Russian Federation on cooperation in the creation of the International Scientific Lunar Station (INLS).
To be continued (18.3)...
Related articles:
Exodus of civilization into space - Selenic Strategy - UN Ideology in the XXI Century. Part 18.1
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/05/exodus-of-civilization-into-space_25.html
Space Toilet and Problems of Intestinal Stick Infection. Part 17.7
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/05/space-toilet-and-problems-of-intestinal.html
Three Historical Stages of Cosmonautics Development. Part 17.6
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/05/three-historical-stages-of-cosmonautics.html
Brief Background to Selenopolitics (Industrial Colonization of the Moon). Part 17.5
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/05/brief-background-to-selenopolitics.html
Exodus of civilization into space - Creation of the first ever mobile homeostatic ark (HA) in the USA. Part 16
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/05/exodus-of-civilization-into-space_5.html
Exodus of civilization into space - Apocalypse; View from the UK. Part 15
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The ideology of space expansion - The question of pregnancy and childbirth in zero gravity. Part 17.4
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/the-ideology-of-space-expansion.html
Colonization of the Moon - The source of the power, wealth and power of civilization in the Universe. Part 17.3
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/colonization-of-moon-source-of-power.html
Space manned industrialization of the XXI century - the golden age of civilization. Part 17.2
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/space-manned-industrialization-of-xxi.html
Exodus of civilization into space - Humanity's strategy to create stationary and mobile Homeostatic arks. Part 17.1
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/exodus-of-civilization-into-space_21.html
Exodus of civilization into space - Tsiolkovsky Galactic State. Part 9
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/exodus-of-civilization-into-space_19.html
Exodus of civilization into space - Symbol of the End of the XXI century. Part 8
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/exodus-of-civilization-into-space_16.html
Exodus of civilization into space - Stopping the process of increasing value added. Part 7
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/exodus-of-civilization-into-space_14.html
Exodus of civilization into space - The sixth socio-economic formation of civilization. Part 6
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/exodus-of-civilization-into-space-sixth.html
Exodus of civilization into space - Space man. Part 5
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/exodus-of-civilization-into-space-space.html
Exodus of civilization into space - Biological End of the World. Part 4
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/exodus-of-civilization-into-space_7.html
Exodus of civilization into space - Geochronological Ice Ages, periods, eras. Part 3
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/exodus-of-civilization-into-space_5.html
Exodus of civilization into space - Astrophysical End of the World. Part 2
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/04/exodus-of-civilization-into-space.html
The ideology of space expansion - Space calendar. Part 1
https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2021/03/the-ideology-of-space-expansion-space.html
Related links:
About Ph.D. Morozov Sergey Lvovich: https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5fbb90753e3ad265054f930a/ob-avtore-kanala-5fbd2bf80b4af80149fb12c2
Original article in Russian on Zen.Yandex:
https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5fbb90753e3ad265054f930a/ishod-civilizacii-v-kosmos-chast-18-selenostrategiia-ideologiia-oon-v-xxi-veke-60a51f9b9582641d181888d9
Asgardia website: https://asgardia.space/
Author: Ph.D. Morozov Sergey Lvovich / Zen.Yandex. Editor / Translation: Roland Berga.
Best regards, Orbiter.ch
